Helping the helpers
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چکیده
One of the many drawbacks of quarterly journals is that material is often not timely. Tragically, the events in the US have an eerie, timeless quality. As I write this editorial, the terrorist attacks are only a week old. No one needs a reminder of the grisly, almost unbelievable images. But as editor of a journal called Injury Prevention I feel compelled to ask how this might have been prevented? It is all too easy to blame lax airport security, or the policies of countries such as my own that allegedly permit terrorist organizations to raise money on their soil. Clearly, such madness must be remedied. But beyond saying this I have little wisdom to share. We need to better understand what drives the terrorists, and somehow this seems to go beyond politics, the inequities of history, or perceived threats to religion. No matter what, deep down I cannot accept that acts of revenge that involve the deaths of other innocent civilians is the answer. Instead, I advocate a more cautious and reasoned response, as do some within Bush administration itself. No doubt many will dismiss inaction as foolish. I trust, however, that no one will disagree that whatever else we do, we must pray hard and work harder for world peace. On behalf of the entire editorial board I extend our deepest sympathies to all whose loved ones were killed or injured in these senseless, unfathomable acts.
منابع مشابه
Helpers' Self-Assessment Biases Before and after Helping Skills Training
Several studies have shown that therapists are generally biased concerning their performed helping skills, as compared to judges' ratings. As clients' ratings of therapists' performance are better predictors of psychotherapy effectiveness than judges' ratings, this study examined the validity and effectiveness of a helping skills training program at reducing novice helpers' self-enhancement bia...
متن کاملReproductive constraints, direct fitness and indirect fitness benefits explain helping behaviour in the primitively eusocial wasp, Polistes canadensis.
A key step in the evolution of sociality is the abandonment of independent breeding in favour of helping. In cooperatively breeding vertebrates and primitively eusocial insects, helpers are capable of leaving the group and reproducing independently, and yet many do not. A fundamental question therefore is why do helpers help? Helping behaviour may be explained by constraints on independent repr...
متن کاملPaying to stay or paying to breed? Field evidence for direct benefits of helping behavior in a cooperatively breeding fish
Several hypotheses aim to explain the evolution of helping behavior, but conclusive experimental support for evaluating the relative importance of individual hypotheses is still larking We report on two field experiments* conducted to test the "territory inheritance" and "pay-to-stay" hypotheses in the cooperatively breeding cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher. The territory inheritance hypothe...
متن کاملExperimental manipulation of helping in a cooperative breeder: helpers ‘pay to stay’ by pre-emptive appeasement
The ‘pay-to-stay hypothesis’ proposes that subordinate group members help dominants in order to be tolerated in the territory. Accordingly, helpers should be punished if they are not helping sufficiently and should increase helping behaviour thereafter. We tested whether helping and social behaviours of group members of the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher change according ...
متن کاملBehavioural time-energy budgets of cooperatively breeding Neolamprologus pulcher (Pisces: Cichlidae).
We estimated the energy expenditures resulting from helping behaviour in the cooperatively breeding cichlid N. pulcher by measuring the metabolic rates directly associated with specific social and territory maintenance behaviours of individual pair males and females, and their helpers, in a respirometer. In pair males, pair females and helpers, routine metabolism was raised on average 4.4, 3.8 ...
متن کاملHelping effort increases with relatedness in bell miners, but 'unrelated' helpers of both sexes still provide substantial care.
Indirect fitness benefits from kin selection can explain why non-breeding individuals help raise the young of relatives. However, the evolution of helping by non-relatives requires direct fitness benefits, for example via group augmentation. Here, we examine nest visit rates, load sizes and prey types delivered by breeding pairs and their helpers in the cooperatively breeding bell miner (Manori...
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